Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, and wood turpentine) oil from Indonesia is a spirit distilled from Oleo Pine Resin. Traditionally, turpentine has been employed as a solvent or cleaning agent for paints and varnishes and this is still often the case today. There are also some specialized uses, in the pharmaceutical industry. Alpha Pinene and Beta Pinene, are two of the chief chemical components of Turpentine Oil.

These pinenes are separated and purified by distillation. Mostly turpentine oil from Indonesia nowadays, is used as a source of chemical isolates which are then converted into a wide range of products.

Many of these, including the biggest single turpentine derivative, synthetic pine oil, are employed for fragrance and flavour use, although there are also many important non-aromatic applications such as polyterpene resins. Pine oil is used in disinfectants, cleaning agents and other products having a "pine" odour.

Derivatives such as isoborny Lacetate, camphor, citral, linalool, citrinellal, menthol and many others are used either in their own right or for the elaboration of other fragrance and flavour compounds. Many of the odours and flavours in use today, which are associated with naturally occurring oils, may well be derived, instead, from turpentine. A few of the minor constituents of turpentine oil from Indonesia, such as anethole, are employed for fragrance or flavour use without the need for chemical modification.